Personality Assessments look at a person’s typical or characteristic ways of thinking or behaving. Personality Assessments vary greatly in the number and range of constructs they measure, though the majority will assess aspects of the ‘big five’ personality characteristics: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. Some assessments measure a limited number of constructs, whereas others will break down higher-order constructs such as the big five into more specific facets. Within personality assessments, a distinction can be drawn between ‘type’ and ‘trait’ measures. Type measures allocate respondents to specific categories of behaviour, whereas trait measures assume behaviour varies along continua and respondents can be placed anywhere along these scales.
Personality assessments vary greatly in the number and range of constructs they measure, though the majority will assess aspects of the overarching ‘big five’ personality characteristics: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. Each of these larger constructs can be broken down to measure more specific constructs. For example, conscientiousness can be broken down into competence, order, dutifulness, achievement striving, self-discipline, and deliberation.
Within personality assessments, a distinction can be drawn between ‘type’ and ‘trait’ measures. Type measures allocate respondents to specific categories of behaviour, whereas trait measures assume behaviour varies along continua and respondents can be placed anywhere along these scales.
There are two basic types of personality tests: self-report inventories and projective tests:
Self-report inventories
Self-report inventories are easy to administer and require candidates to read questions or statements and then rate how well each one applies to them. They can be standardised which means that the conditions for scoring and interpreting the tests are consistent and done in a pre-determined manner using established norms.
They have a higher reliability and validity than projective tests.
Projective tests
Projective tests involve the candidate giving their interpretation of a scene, object, or scenario and as such are more subjective and less reliable. Most projective tests must be administered by someone with specific training and are most often used in psychotherapy settings allowing therapists to quickly gather a great deal of information about a client through looking at responses, tone of voice and body language.