Psychometrics (‘psycho’ relating to mind and ‘metrics’ relating to measurement) is the science and practice of measuring psychological characteristics such as ability, personality and motivation.
Tests are typically seen as being ‘psychometric’ when they possess the following characteristics: standardised administration, objective scoring and interpretation, and evidence demonstrating their reliability, validity and fairness. Whilst most tests will claim to have some or all of these properties, the term ‘psychometric’ is most often applied to the measurement of constructs that cannot be directly observed. For example, we cannot directly measure a person’s level of creativity, but instead must infer this from a test taker’s responses to a series of questions or tasks.
Psychometric tests have a number of distinctive features that may not all be present in other forms of assessments, including:
- Standardised administration – meaning that the conditions for administering, scoring, and interpreting are consistent and done in a pre-determined manner.
- Objective scoring and interpretation – whereby different scorers (whether human or machine) would arrive at the same score for the same response across candidates, with little or no subjectivity in the process.
- Evidence demonstrating their scientific reliability, validity and fairness - meaning they measure what they set out to measure and aim to produce accurate scores without bias.
Psychometric tests are often broadly categorised as tests of ability and personality.
Cognitive Ability or Ability Tests
Ability tests (also referred to as capability of aptitude tests) are used to evaluate job candidates on certain skills and abilities. They can measure different skills and aptitudes including problem solving, numeracy, communication, analysis and critical thinking, as well as specific job-related abilities. Read our blog to know more on why cognitive ability matters.
Types of ability test include logical reasoning, numerical ability/reasoning, verbal ability/reasoning and spatial reasoning.They are commonly viewed as being related to general intelligence.
Tests of this nature are time-bound and have right or wrong answers.
Personality Assessments
Personality assessments are tools and techniques used to assess characteristic patterns of traits that people exhibit across various situations in areas such as interpersonal relationships, thinking styles and how they react to pressure.
Would you like to know if psychometrics support diversity in recruitment? Please read our blog here.